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•John H. Hummel, Ph.D.,
•Dept. of Psychology and Counseling
•Valdosta State Univ= ersity
APA STYLE FOR STUDENTS*
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Introduction
•In this program you will learn about how to make term papers con= form to the writing conventions of the 5th edition of the American Psychologic= al Association’s style manual.
•Specific points addressed fall into 3 areas:  Typing, in-text cita= tions, & constructing references.
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TYPING REQUIREMENTS & ORGANIZATION
•The first TWO pages of APA style manuscripts are dedicated.
•Page one is ALWAYS the title page
•Page two is the manuscript’s abstract (In ACED 2000 we wil= l not be typing an abstract).
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THE TITLE PAGE
•Pagination starts on= the title page
<= span style=3D'font-size:107%'>–the page number (e.= g., 1) in the upper right corner about 1” down from the top, and in from the right margin.  The paper’s header, the 1st= 2 or 3 words from the title, should be 5-7 spaces to the left of the page number <= /span>
•Running head-optiona= l; 1st line of type.
–left justified; 50 characters (ALL CAPS) or less; mini-title
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The Title Page Continued
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%;color:gray;mso-color-index:2'>•Center the title of = the manuscript top-to-bottom & left-right.
•The title should not= be more than 12 words
<= span style=3D'font-size:114%;color:gray;mso-color-index:2'>–think of the title a= s a 12 word SUMMARY of the paper
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%;color:gray;mso-color-index:2'>•Follow (new line) ti= tle with author(s) name(s), followed by your affiliation.
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Sample = Title Page
•How to Use     1
•Running head:  APA STYLE =
• How to Use the 2001 APA Style Guide John H. Hummel, Dani= el J. Kaeck, and Mark A. Whatley
• Valdosta State University
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MANUSCRIPT HEADINGS
•Use hierarchical headings.  They should be brief &am= p; descriptive
–Headings are like an outline of the paper’s major sections.
•Level One
•Level Three =
•        Level Four. In this section w= e
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Parts of a Technical Paper = <= ![endif]>
•Your paper’s content starts on page 2
• On the first line, center justify = your manuscript’s = title with each word capitalized.  = Don’t use the= term Introduction as a heading.
<= span style=3D'font-size:106%'>•The paper’s t= opic is introduced by presenting a review of related research, the study’= ;s rationale, necessary hypotheses, and often how the paper is organized.
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Samp= le Headings for a Data-based Research Report
•The Manuscript’s Complete Title  (Level 1) <= /div>
•Method  (L 1)
•Participants&= nbsp; (L 3)
•Materials&= nbsp; (L 3)
–Behavioral Indicators.  (L 4) xxxxx
–Standardized Instruments.  (L 4) xxxx
•Procedures&= nbsp; (L 3)
•Results (L 1)
•Discussions (L 1)
•References (L 1)
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TYPING POINTS
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Proper English is assumed
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•At least 1” m= argins on all side
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Use your wordprocessor’s default font and type size
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Text is left justif= ied
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•All pages should be numbered and have the same header
<= span style=3D'font-size:114%'>–1st 2 or 3 words fr= om the paper’s title
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TYPING POINTS Continued
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Everything is DOUBLE SPACED= 3;
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Use only DOUBLE SPACING
–No single, triple, double-double, etc. spacing between lines
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Indent all paragrap= hs consistently 5-7 spaces
<= span style=3D'font-size:114%'>–use the default tab= on the WP program for indenting paragraphs, etc.
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TYPING POINTS Continued
<= span style=3D'font-size:106%'>•Do not mechanically emphasize words
<= span style=3D'font-size:121%'>–don’t use all CAPITALIZATIONS
<= span style=3D'font-size:121%'>–don’t use bold
<= span style=3D'font-size:121%'>–don’t = underline <= /span>
<= span style=3D'font-size:121%'>–don’t use dou= ble (“) or single (‘) quote marks; the 1st time you introduce a new term/phrase you can italicize it.
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TYPING POINTS Continued
•APA style uses the Oxford comma (a comma precedes the conjunction) for in-text listings
<= span style=3D'font-size:86%'>–for example, Jill, Jane, and Ginny.
–If you label item= s in a list, use parentheses with lowercase letters. =
•for example, three areas will be covered in this program:  (a) typing, (b) citations, and = (c) references.
•Single space (usi= ng the space bar) after commas, colons, semicolons, and end punctuation.
<= span style=3D'font-size:75%'>•No orphans at the bottom or tops of pages.
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IN-TEXT CITATIONS
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Citations are done = in text (no footnotes)
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Citations are requi= red when you:
<= span style=3D'font-size:129%'>–paraphrase infor= mation from a source, or directly quote from another source
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Using ideas or actu= al words from a source without a citation is PLAGIARISM
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CITATIONS Continued
•Citations should gi= ve the last name of the author(s) [no first names or initials] and a year (copyright, da= te presented at a conference, etc.)
•Never change the or= dering of the names
<= span style=3D'font-size:119%'>•Provide the date in parentheses instead of in plain text.  Ex.:  (1993) vs. 1993
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CITATIONS-authors
•Sources with MORE t= han 5 authors, require the citation to give the primary (i.e., the 1st’s= ) author’s last= name followed by et al. (substitutes for the others’ names) followed by the (date) <= /span>
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•If 3-5 authors, list their surnames in the 1st citation.&= nbsp; Thereafter, use the primary’s and et al. (date)
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CITATIONS-authors
•If the source has 2 authors, list  both authors&#= 8217; names in each citation.
•Some Examples <= /span>
•6 or more authors:
• In their provocative article, Tagget et al. = (1993) point out that...    <= span style=3D'font-size:113%;color:black;mso-color-index:3'>OR
• The authors (Tagget et al., 1993) point out that...
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CITATIONS-authors
•Example for 3-5 authors:
•First Citation
• Hum= mel, Kaeck, Bowes, and Rittenhouse (1994) found that...  OR
• It = was found that...(Hummel, Kaeck, Bowes, & Rittenhouse, 1994).
•
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CITATIONS-Authors
•Example for 3-5 authors:
•Later Citations:
• Hu= mmel et al. (1994) found that...
•OR <= /span>
• It = was found that...(Hummel et al., 1994).
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CITATIONS
<= span style=3D'font-size:125%'>•When connecting aut= hors in a citation, when the citation is in text, connect the last name with the = others with the conjunction and.
<= span style=3D'font-size:129%'>–If the entire citat= ion is given parenthetically, connect the names using = an ampersand (&= )
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MULTIPLE SOURCES IN A SINGLE CITATION
•If several different sources all support a point made in a paper, you should list all of them in the= parenthetical citation.
<= span style=3D'font-size:94%'>•In the citation, ord= er the sources alphabetically according to the surnames of the primary authors.  Connect each source = using semicolons.
<= span style=3D'font-size:94%'>•Example:    The use of medication= such as Ritalin is becoming increasingly common (Barr, 1983; James & <= /span>Allen, 1991; Smith et al.  1989).
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CITATIONS-Page Numbers
<= span style=3D'font-size:125%'>•Citations for paraphrasing do not require that you give page numbers.
<= span style=3D'font-size:125%'>•Quoted work must sp= ecify the page(s) (e.g., p. 12; pp. 22-23) in the source where the quote originated.
<= span style=3D'font-size:129%'>–the page number(s),= in parentheses, ALWAYS follows the quotation.
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QUOTATIONS
=
•Short quotes (i.e., <40 words) are done in text.  Start and end the quote with “”marks.  The page number(s) = for a short quote always follows the quote and is given parenthetically.  (The citation may also contain the author = and date.)  In a short quote, the end punctuation follows the parenthetical citation.
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QUOTATIONS-Continued
•Long quotes (>39 words) do not use quotation marks.  Instead, they are uniformly indented 5-7 spaces (use the tab key) on ju= st the left margin. 
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Use the end punctua= tion of the long quote.  Follow the quote= 217;s end punctuation with a parenthetical citation giving the page(s).<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  No punctuation follows= the citation.
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SHORT QUOTE EXAMPLES
• Assess= ment practices need improvement.  = Hummel and Huitt (1= 994) state that,“over 80% of the test items examined did not require = critical thinking&#= 8221; (p. 4).
•OR <= /span>
• Assessment practice= s need improvement because, “over 80% of the test items examined did not require cri= tical thinking” (Hummel & Huitt, 1994, p. 4).
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LONG QUOTE-Example
• Hummel = et al. (1994) expected criticisms on how they used the term negative reinfo= rcer:
• We = stand by our use of the term for two reasons.&n= bsp; <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:12.5%;left:3.46%;width:95.84%;height:11.95%= '> First, negative reinforcer has been used this way <= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1;width:9.01%'> previously in our field.  Second, negative reinforcer is more complementary to our proposed system’s ot= her terms and symbols than either punisher or aversive = stimulus.  (p. 5) = While the symbol for negative reinforcer fits their= diagraming system, .= ..
•Had the introduct= ion not given the authors and date, this information would= also be in the parenthetical citation.
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Paraphrasing Examples
• Hummel= and Huitt (1994) state that less than 20% of the assessments used in education require critical thinking.
•OR
• Les= s than 20% of the assessments used in education require critical thinking (Hummel= & Huitt, 1994).=
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References
•R= eferences are always begun on a new page.
•The word References (level 1) should be centered at the top of the page.
•Re= ference all (and only) works cited in manuscript.
•The list of references should be alphabetized using the surnames of the primary authors.
–If there are more than 6 authors, list the 1st six then et al. =
•The 1st line of each reference is flush with the left margin; remaining l= ines of the ref. are indented.
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•There are at least = 95 different types of references in APA style
•This program will c= over several of the most commonly used by students:  Books, journal articles, ERIC docu= ments, and electronic media.  For other types of references, see pp. 240-281, Section 4.16 of the Manual.
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BOOK References
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•The generic form for a book reference is:
• Surname, 1st and middle initials of all authors.  (copyright date).  Title of book (ed.).  City, ST:  Publisher.&= #13;
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Example
• Gage, N. L., & Berliner, D. C.  (1991).  Educational psychology (5th ed.).  Boston, MA:  Houghton Mifflin.
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Book Reference Probe
•Construct an APA ref= erence for a book (Discipline in the Schools: A Guide to Reducing Misbehavio= r) by Samuel M. Deitz, and John H. Hummel that was copyrighted in 1978 = by Educational Technology Publications in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
•Deitz, S. M., & Hummel, J. H. (1978).  Discipli= ne in = the schools:  A guide to reducing misbehavior.  = Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Educational Technology Publications.
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JOURNAL References
•The generic form for journal articles is:
• Sur= name, Initials.  (publication date)= .  Title of article.  Name of Journal, volume #(issue # if nee= ded),  xx-xx (inclusive range of pages).=
<= span style=3D'font-size:106%'>•Only provide an iss= ue # (in parentheses, next to the vol. # but not italicized) if each issue starts with page 1.
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Journal Reference Sample
•Hummel, J. H., Abercrombie, C., & Koepsel, <= /span> P.  (1991).  Teaching stud= ents to analyze examples of classic= al conditioning. The Behavior Analyst= , 14, 241-246.
<= span style=3D'font-size:113%'>•Because each issue’s pagination starts where the previous issue stopped, no issue number is needed.
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Journal Reference Probe
•Construct an APA reference for the following article.  “Learned Experiences Are Not Adequate S= cientific Explanations,” published in volume 48 (pages 1155-1156) of the American Psychologist, in 1993, by Dr. Henry D. Schlinger, Jr.
• Sch= linger, H. D., Jr.  (1993).  Learned experiences are not adequate scientific explanations.  American Psychologist, 48, 115= 5-1156.
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ON-LINE Reference-Abstract =
&#= 8226; Hyman, I. A.  (1990). = Policy and practice in school discipline:&n= bsp; Past, present and = future. [On-line]. Abstract from:  AskEric. (ERIC Document No. ED 383 960)
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INTERNET SOURCES
•Set the reference up like an on-line source and provide a URL (Uniform Resource Lo= cator) address = in the Available section when using information from sites on the World Wide Web (Internet).<= span style=3D'mso-tab-count:1;width:6.67%'> Example:
• Hummel, J. H., Huit= t, W. G., & Kaeck, D. J.  (1995= , June).  Research, vali= dity, and reliability. Retrieved March 8, = 2001 from  htt= p://www.valdosta.peachnet.edu/~whuitt 
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THE END
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factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH newSize =3D g_origSz * factor if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1 s=3DSlideObj.style s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px" s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2 s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2 if( g_scaleHyperlinks ) ScaleHyperlinks( factor ) } function _InitAnimations() { animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined'; isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode(); g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc= reen && parent.IsSldVisited()); if( g_animUseRuntime ) { collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq"); if( collSeq !=3D null ) { for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds ) gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds; if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) { if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 ) gSldJumpIdx =3D 1; var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx); gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D ""; win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref ) } } } function _KDH() { if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) { event.returnValue =3D 0; parent.GoToPrevSld(); } }function DocumentOnClick() { if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return; if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && (window.name=3D=3D"PPTSld") && !parent.IsFrames= Mode() ) || (event && event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) { =09 if( g_animUseRuntime && g_animMainSequence && g_animMainSequence.cangonex= t ) return; parent.GoToNextSld(); } } var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""= , g_bgSound=3D"", g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser = =3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 1; var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w= indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va= r g_animManager =3D null; var g_animUseRuntime =3D false; var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime; var g_animMainSequence =3D null; var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram= es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D37, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_= HREF=3D"fullscreen.htm"; var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO= tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML() var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0001.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(= "slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0003.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("= slide0004.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0005.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s= lide0006.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0009.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl= ide0010.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0012.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli= de0014.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0015.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid= e0016.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0017.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide= 0018.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0019.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0= 020.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0021.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00= 22.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0023.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide002= 4.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0025.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0026= .htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0028.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0029.= htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0030.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0031.h= tm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0032.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0033.ht= m",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0034.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0035.htm= ",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0036.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0037.htm"= ,1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0038.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0039.htm",= 1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0047.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0048.htm",1= ,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0052.htm",1,-1,1)); /********************************************* Frameset functions These functions control slide navigation and state of the frameset. **********************************************/ function FullScrInit() { g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black" document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM; document.onkeydown =3D _KDH; document.ondragstart=3DCancel document.onselectstart=3DCancel self.focus() } function Redirect( frmId ) {=09 var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId() if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1); if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) { obj =3D GetObj("Main-File") window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId return 1 } return 0 } var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20 function CalculateMHTMLPrefix() { if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20 href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20 Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20 End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20 if (End < Start)=20 return href.substring(0, Start)=20 else=20 return href.substring(0, End)=20 } return ''; } function GetTags(base,tag) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag); else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag); } function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP= refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) } function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() } function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() } function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() } function SetHasNts( fVal ) { if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) { gHasNts=3DfVal UpdNavPane() } } function ToggleOtlText() { gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp UpdOtlPane() } function ClearMedia() { // Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other= wise, // in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod= e. if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0; } function FullScreen() {=20 if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) PPTSld.document.body.pause(); ClearMedia(); var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF = : FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref; if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) { var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0 var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top= =3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } else { win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } } function ToggleVNarration() { rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay") if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) ) rObj.Play() else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 ) rObj.Pause() else return; } else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID") if( narObj ) narObj.togglePause() } } function GetCurSldNum() { =20 obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld) if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return obj.mSldIdx else =20 return gCurSld } function GetNumSlds() { =20 if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds; else return GetSldList().mList.length } function GetSldNum( href ) { for(ii=3D0; ii 1 ) PopSldList(); else if( !IsFramesMode() ) { if( gLoopCont ) GoToFirst() else EndShow() } } function GoToPrevSld() { ii=3DgCurSld-1 if( ii > 0 ) { obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii) while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) ) obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii) if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1 GoToSldNum(ii) } } function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) } function GoToLast() { ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length if( ii !=3D gCurSld ) GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref ) } function GoToSldNum( num ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue obj =3D GetHrefObj( num ) obj.mVis=3D1 gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld =3D num; PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+obj.mSldHref) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function GoToSld( href ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1 PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+href) } function SldUpdated( id ) { if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) } function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO= bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) } function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) } function CloseWindow() { if( HideMenu() ) return; =09 var event =3D PPTSld.event; if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D= =3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) ) window.close( self ); CatchNumKeys( self, event ); } function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; } function SetupEndShow() { gIsEndShow=3D1; PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no"; PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM; } function EndShow() { if( IsFramesMode() ) return if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue doc=3DPPTSld.document var dir =3D doc.body.dir if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr"; doc.open() doc.writeln('


' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '

') doc.close() } function SetSldVisited(){ GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited=3Dtrue } function IsSldVisited(){ return GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited } function hrefList( sldHref, visible, advDelay, advClk ) { this.mSldHref=3D this.mNtsHref =3D sldHref this.mOrigVis=3D this.mVis =3D visible this.mVisited=3D false this.mAdvDelay=3D advDelay this.mAdvOnClk=3D advClk } function SldList(arr,curSld,fEnd) { this.mCurSld =3D curSld; this.mList =3D new Array(); var idx =3D 1; for(ii=3D0;ii