Valdosta State University Departmentof Psychology PSY310  Educational Psychology Instructor: John H. Hummel, Ph.D.

UNIT 5 PRACTICE QUIZ #1 Learning ANSWER KEY

1. In Learning, REINFORCERS areevents used as consequences. There are several categories: A. Positive(+), negative (-), & B. primary, and secondary/conditioned. Defineone type of reinforcer from A. and B. (4) Positivereinforcers strengthen Rs they follow, and ...

NEG. REINFORCERS WEAKEN Rs THEYFOLLOW, AND ...

PRIMARY REINFORCERS ARE UNLEARNED;WORK AUTO. WHEN ONE IS DEPRIVED WITH RESPECT TO THEM.

SECONDARY REINFORCERS ARE LEARNED(MOST COMMON TYPES WITH HUMANS) AND VARY FROM ONE TO ANOTHER.

2. A. Define the Premack Principle.(2) A CONTINGENCY (IF-THEN) RELATIONSHIP IS EST.'DBETWEEN A RESPONSE THE PERSON DOESN'T DO MUCH, AND ONE THEY DO MORE. IFYOU DO THE LESS PREFERRED BEH. THEN YOU ARE ALLOWED TO DO THE PREFERREDONE.

3. There are several differenttypes of positive reinforcement.

A. EITHER diagram OR define positivereinforcement. (2) PR-AFTER A BEH. ADD APOS. REINFORCER AND THE BEH. OCCURS MORE OFTEN. R-->+ (+) = +

B. List the name of one of theother operant processes that is s type of positive reinforcement. (1)

SHAPING; PREMACK PRINCIPLE

4. Name TWO operant processes thatare used to DECREASE behavior. (2)

RESPONSE COST; PUNISHMENT; TIMEOUT;EXTINCTION

5. Describe the three rules forusing consequences effectively. (6)

WHEN A RESPONSE OCCURS, IMMEDIATELYFOLLOW IT WITH A CONTINGENT (IF R THEN EVENT; NO R, NO EVENT) CONSEQUENTTHAT INVOLVES A POWERFUL REINFORCER.

6. The schedules of reinforcementspecify when a particular response will trigger a consequence. There areTWO basic categories of schedules: The continuous schedule and intermittentones.

List the four types of intermittentschedules. (4) FIXED RATIO; VARIABLE RATIO; FIXEDINTERVAL; VARIABLE INTERVAL.

What is the basic difference betweeninterval and ratio schedules? (2) IN RATIO SCHEDULESTHE BEH. HAS TO OCCUR X NUMBER OF TIMES BEFORE THE CONSQUENCE OCCURS. ININTERVAL ONES, THE FIRST BEH. AFTER A TIME PERIOD TRIGGERS THE CONSEQUENCE.

7. On the back of this sheet, explainthe basic tenet of Bandura's social learning theory. (2)WE LEARN BY WATCHING HOW OTHERS ACT.

Last Updated: July 9, 1997