Marine Biology 1060 Chapter 5 Study Guide


Terms to know:

Primary producers                 Prokaryote                        Eukaryote                        Bacteria                    Decomposer
Heterotrophs                         Autotrophs                        Photosynthetic                 Chemosynthetic    Cyanobacteria                       Stromatolite                       Algae                              Protista                    Diatom                                  Silica                                  Bacillariophyta                Diatomaceous earth
Diatomaceous ooze                Pyrrophyta                        Dinoflagellates                 Flagella
Red tide                                Saxotoxin                           Ciguertera                       Shellfish poisoning    Bioluminescence                     Zooanthellae                     Symbiosis                        Foraminifera              Polycystina
Seaweed                                Thallus                              Stipe                               Holdfast                     Blade
Pneumatocyst                        Chlorophyta                       Ulva                               Deadman's Fingers (Codium)
Phaeophyta                            Kelp                                  Macrocystis                   Laminaria                 Sargassum
Sargasso Sea                         Kelp Forest                        Rhodophyta                   Porphyra                 Carrageenans                          Agar                                  Nori                              Flowering Plants        Seagrasses                            Zostera                                Thalassia                      Rhizome
Seagrass Bed                        Nursery                               Forage Species             Cordgrasses              Halophyte
Spartina alterniflora            Spartina patens                  Saltmarsh                       Wrack                     Mangrove                              Rhizophora                         Mangrove swamp         Buttress roots            Mangrove seed/seedling                        Pickle weed                          Dune grass                    Seaoates                  Wax Myrtle
Marsh Elder                          Bayberry                              Beach Daisy                  Sand spur                Maritime thicket

Concepts to know:

1. Know the difference between micro algae and macro algae. Know the characteristics of algae.

2.  Know the importance of microalgaes in the phytoplankton community.  Know the characteristics of diatoms and dinoflagellates. 

3.  Know the importance of Kelp beds in terms of primary production, nursery areas and cover. Know where kelp beds are found and under what shoreline conditions. Know the difference in where Macrocystis forest and Laminaria beds occur.

4.  Know the commercial products derived from macro algae and micro algae which were discussed in class.

5.  Know the importance of micro algae in causing Red tides and conditions under which Red tides occur. Know which Micro algae cause Red tide, shellfish poisoning and ciguerterra.

6.  Know the importance of bacteria as decompsers in many marine systems and know their importance in deep ocean vent communities.

7.  Know the importance of salt marsh habitats both to marine systems and to shoreline stability. Know how cord grasses are restricted to zones in the marsh and why. Know the importance of salt marshes and marsh wrack  in terms of primary productivity, nursery areas, cover areas and in stabilizing shorelines. Know that salt marsh habitats replace mangrove swamps in areas that have killing winter frosts.

8.  Know the characteristics of plants that are called mangrove. Know the adaptations they exhibit to life in a sand/mud/tidal area. Know the characteristics of mangrove seeds. Know the importance of mangrove habitats in terms of cover, primary productivity, nursery and cover. Know the importance of Mangroves in stabilizing shorelines. Know where mangroves occur and the limits on their distributions.

9.  Know the few common names of beach plants which we discusses: seaoates, dunegrass, sandspur, pickle weed, beach morning glory.

10. Know the three plants most commonly found in our maritime thickets: Wax Myrtle, Marsh Elder, and Bayberry.