Marine Biology 1060 Study guide -Chapter 3

Terms to know:

evaporation                                 heat capacity                           latent heat of melting
latenet heat of evaporation           salinity                                     parts per thousand
dissolved gasses                          Pressure                                  surface circulation
Coriolis effect                              latitude                                    longitude
North and South Tradewinds       North and South Westerlies     North and South Polar Easterlies
Doldrums                                    Horse Latitudes                        Eckman Spirals
Oceanic Surface Current Gyres   North Equatorial Current          Gulf Stream
Kuroshio Current                        California Current                     Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Wavelength                                 Wave Height                            crest
Trough                                        Swells                                      Seas
Breakers                                    Curlers                                      Spillers
Wave re-enforcement                 Wave cancellation                     Tides
High tide                                     Low Tide                                  Spring tide
Neap Tide                                  Semidiurnal tide                         Diurnal tide
Mixed Semidiurnal tide               Tsunamis                                   Episodic Wave
Thermocline                                Permanent thermocline              Seasonal Thermocline
Surface layer                               Intermediate Layer                    Deep layer
water column                              Oceanic conveyor system

Concepts to understand:

1. How salinity, temperature and the physical and chemical nature of water contribute to it's characteristics. How these factors influence water density, layering and movement.

2. How global Coriolis effect, patterns of heating and air convection generate the major, constant global winds. Know whre they are adn their names. Know how winds are named. Know what the Eckman sprial means for water movement relative to wind direction.

3. Know how the major global winds influence surface current movement in ocean basins. Know how this coupled with the Coriolis effect generate the major ocean surface current gyres.Know why these are important and how they may affect climate.

4. Understand pressure and water column depth relationships as well as how light penetrates water to differing depths as a result of water clarity and light wavelength and color.

5. Know how waves are generated and the factors influencing wind and wave interactions. Know how wave energy varies with wave length, wave height, wind fetch. Know how waves re-enforce and cancel one another. Know why Tsunamis occur and why they are so powerful. Also, Know what Rogue, or episodic waves are and why they are so powerful.

6. know how the sun and moon generate adn influence tides. Know differences between Spring and Neap tides as when they occur due to lunar obit positions. Know , generally where Semidurnal and diurnal tide patterns occur. Know how geography influences tide depths.

7. Know how water layering occurs in Ocean basins occurs due to temperature and densities.  Know how thermoclines form, both permanent and seasonal. Know how seasonal thermoclines form adn break up. Know where and when they occur.

8. Know how low pressure cells can form Typhoons, Cyclones and Hurricanes.