Chapter 21, part
M/C
1. Fungi usually obtain food how?
a. by digesting it externally and then absorbing it
b. by photosynthesis
c. by absorbing it and then digesting it within fungal cells
d. by chemosynthesis
e. by producing antibiotics that internally destroy bacteria
2. Fungal cell walls are different from plant cell walls in that...
a. fungi have cellulose, plants have chitin
b. fungi have glycogen, plants have cellulose
c. fungi have glycoprotein, plants have starch
d. fungi have chitin, plants have cellulose
e. fungi have cellulose, plants have pectin
3. True fungi are characterized by:
a. Cell walls, feeding by absorption, and usually have filamentous bodies
b. Cell walls, photosynthesis, and usually have filamentous bodies
c. No cell walls, feeding by absorption, chemosynthesis
d. No cell walls, parasitic, heterotrophic
e. Cell walls, chemosynthetic, heterotrophic
4. The body of a fungus is generally composed of:
a. Cellulose
b. Vascular tissue
c. Mychorrizae
d. Mold
e. Hyphae
5. Which of the following is a common polysaccharide found in fungi and in arthropods?
a. Cellulose
b. Glycogen
c. Glucose
d. Fructose
e. Chitin
6. The conspicuous structures on the surface of a dead tree that indicate a fungus is
growing inside are for:
a. Pollination
b. Reproduction
c. Feeding
d. Defense
e. Show only
7. Both bacteria and fungi have cells walls and have similar difficulties ingesting
food, so they:
a. Secrete enzymes and then ingest the smaller molecules
b. Form food vacuoles
c. Only eat dead stuff with very small molecules
d. Only eat small organisms which they can engulf (phagocytosis)
e. Photosynthesize internally
8. Some fungi, as well as other organisms, are saprobes. They feed on:
a. Lichens
b. Living organisms
c. Dead organisms
d. Tree sap
e. Blood
9. The dominant generation in the fungal life cycle is usually:
a. Diploid
b. Haploid
c. A sporophyte
d. Polyploid
e. A glochidium
10. A more or less circular ring of mushrooms simultaneously appear in your yard,
apparently overnight. The circle is several yards in diameter. The most likely explanation
for this circle of mushrooms is:
a. Mushroom spores were dropped by a circling bird, thus explaining the
circular shape of the group of mushrooms.
b. The mushroom plants in the center of the circle have been eaten by
herbivores.
c. The mushrooms are all part of the same plant, with mycelia radiating out
from the location of a germinated spore.
d. One mushroom in the circle reproduced sexually to make all the other
mushrooms in the circle.
e. A circle is nature's most perfect shape for asexual reproduction
structures.
Essay
Your text talks about massive fungus organisms. One of the most massive organisms in the
world may be a basidiomycete occupying 1500 acres in Washington state.
11. How can scientists attempt to verify that this is one in fact huge organism?
M/C
12. Single celled fungi are:
a. autotrophic
b. prokaryotic
c. made of hyphae to form a mycelium
d. triploid
e. yeast
Essay
13. What is one way that the age of a fungus can be determined?
M/C
14. Lichens are:
a. algae
b. archaea
c. fungi
d. symbiotic association of algae and archaea
e. symbiotic association of algae and fungi
15. Mycorrhizae are:
a. symbiotic association between animals and fungi
b. symbiotic association between fungi and plant stems
c. symbiotic association between algae and fungi
d. symbiotic association between algae and plant roots
e. symbiotic association between plant roots and a fungus
16. Approximately how many species of fungi have been named to date?
a. 100 thousand
b. 100 million
c. 100 billion
d. 100 trillion
e. 10 thousand
17. Swimming flagellated spores are found in which fungus groups?
a. zygomycetes
b. chrytrids
c. basidiomycetes
d. ascomycetes
e. all of these
18. The worldwide die-off of frogs has been traced to infection by what type of fungus?
a. basidiomycetes
b. ascomycetes
c. zygomycetes
d. imperfect fungi
e. chytrids
19. As revealed by fossils, the most ancient group of fungi is probably the:
a. ascomycetes
b. basidiomycetes
c. chytridomycetes
d. zygomycetes
e. imperfect fungi
20. Sexual reproduction in the fungal life cycle includes which of the following
sequences?
a. Haploid zygote that divides by meiosis to from haploid spores
b. Diploid zygote that divides by meiosis to form haploid spores that produce
haploid mycelia through mitosis
c. Haploid gametes divide by meiosis to produce a diploid zygote that grows by
mitosis to produce diploid mycelia
d. Free swimming gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote that grows by mitosis
e. Diploid spores divide by meiosis to form haploid gametes which join to form
mycelia
21. The majority of fungal biomass is located:
a. in fruiting bodies
b. in spores
c. above ground
d. in roots
e. underground
22. Most fungal nuclei are:
a. haploid
b. chitin
c. diploid
d. zygospores
e. meiotic
23. Corn smut, chestnut blight, and Dutch-elm disease are all:
a. Examples of parasitism
b. Caused by lichens
c. Fungal diseases
d. a and b
e. a and c
24. Which of these statements about fungi are true?
a. Fungi are important in the production of bread, wine, and cheese.
b. Ascomyctes and unicellular green algae may form symbiotic relationships.
c. Most of the fungal life cycle is in the haploid form.
d. a and b.
e. a, b and c.
25. Most antibiotics for human use are obtained from:
a. bacteria
b. archaea
c. fungi
d. plants
e. chemical factories
T/F
26. The decline of forest mushroom growth in Europe is probably due to overhunting of
edible mushrooms.
27. Poisonous mushrooms are easily identified in the field.
28. Mushrooms are a convenient source of marijuana.
F/B
MATCHING
a. Psilocybe
b. Rhizopus
c. Claviceps
d. Phlobolus
e. Amanita
29. Very poisonous, commonly known as the death cap.
30. Hallucinogenic mushrooms are included in this genus.
31. The source of ergot, a vasoconstrictor drug.
32. Commonly known as "bread mold" although this is not the only fungus that grows on
bread.
M/C
33. Some fungi are predators (not parasites) on what kind of animal?
a. humans
b. wheat
c. chestnut and elm trees
d. nematodes (roundworms)
e. spiders
34. An end product of yeast fermentation is:
a. carbon dioxide
b. carbon monoxide
c. sugar
d. oxygen gas
e. more than one of these
35. The holes in bread are filled with what?
a. air
b. alcohol
c. yeast
d. oxygen gas
e. carbon dioxide
36. In bread making, what happens to the alcohol produced as the result of yeast
fermentation?
a. It is respired into carbon dioxide and water by the yeast
b. It evaporates
c. It is contained in the holes of the bread
d. It is consumed by the human who eats the bread
e. It is converted to sugar by the yeast
37. Wood rot is most commonly due to:
a. fungi
b. slime molds
c. bacteria
d. archaea
e. termites
38. Which of these human diseases is not caused by a fungus?
a. Typhoid
b. Ringworm
c. Athlete's foot
d. Vaginal yeast infection
e. Histoplasmosis
39. An example of a parasitic fungal disease is:
a. Herpes
b. Malaria
c. Trichinosis
d. Athelete's foot
e. Sleeping Sickness
40. The importance of fungi to ecosystems is mostly as a
a. parasite
b. herbivore
c. omnivore
d. producer
e. decomposer
41. Which of the following is not a phylum within Kingdom Fungi?
a. Zygomycota
b. Basidiomycota
c. Ascomycota
d. Zooflagellate
e. Deuteromycota
42. The name "sac fungi" is appropriate for the Ascomycetes because:
a. They produce seeds in sac-like structures
b. They grow well in closed bags
c. The body of the fungus is a sac-like shape
d. It is best to carry them in a sack
e. They produce spores in sac-like structures
43. Ascomycetes and unicellular green algae living in close relationship with each
other form a:
a. Mycorrhizal association
b. Lichen
c. Rhizopus
d. Myxomycota
e. Green plant
44. Some of the first organisms to colonize barren habitats are:
a. Fungi
b. Plants
c. Mushrooms
d. Lichens
e. Small mammals
45. A very common mutualistic, symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of
a plant is:
a. Lichen
b. Nitrogen-fixing
c. Ascomycete
d. Saprophyte
e. Mycorrhizal
46. Often the first to colonize bare rock or lava flows are...
a. algae
b. fungi
c. lichens
d. ferns
e. bryophytes
47. Which common type of fungus is known for its ability to produce diploid zygospores?
a. Deuteromycota
b. Ascomycota
c. Oomycota
d. Zygomycota
e. Diplomycota
48. Mycorrhizae are closely associated with which parts of vascular plants?
a. Roots
b. Stems
c. Leaves
d. Flowers
e. All of the above
49. Mychorrhizae are...
a. root parasites
b. nitrogen fixers
c. root-dwelling mutualists
d. photosynthetic nodules
e. bread molds
50. Claviceps purpurea is an organism from phylum __________. It infects rye plants and
produces toxins (including LSD) that can produce convulsions, hallucinations, and death if
consumed by a person.
a. ascomycota
b. oomycota
c. basidiomycota
d. deuteromycota
e. zygomycota
51. Mycorrhiazae associations are:
a. Very unusual
b. Common; at least 80% of the species of plants form these associations
c. Common only to species like grasses
d. Absolutely necessary for survival
e. Common only in nutrient-rich environments
52. Mushrooms form specialized reproductive structures called:
a. Asci
b. Toadstools
c. Mycelia
d. Flagellated zoospores
e. Basidia
53. How are Zygospores produced?
a. meiosis of hyphae
b. mitosis of hyphae
c. union of egg and sperm
d. meiosis of megaspore
e. union of 2 haploid hyphae
54. The fungal group distinguished by a simple life cycle without sexual reproduction
is:
a. Ascomycota
b. Basidiomycota
c. Zygomycota
d. Deuteromycota
e. Oomycota
55. Ascomycetes can damage cotton garments because they produce __________.
a. disease-causing sprees
b. smuts
c. cellulase enzymes
d. as ascus
e. fruiting bodies
56. The ascus functions in __________.
a. sexual reproduction
b. digestion
c. vegetative growth
d. asexual reproduction
e. photosynthesis
57. Yeasts are __________.
a. bacteria
b. protists
c. unicellular fungi
d. phytoplankton
e. algae
58. A fairy ring is...
a. a ring of mushrooms
b. a ring of basidiomycota spores
c. a cluster of basidiomycota mycelia
d. a circle of basidia
e. a ring of gills on the underside of a mushroom
F/B
MATCHING
a. Zygote fungi
b. Sac fungi
c. Club fungi
d. Imperfect fungi
e. More than one of these is correct
59. Ascus
60. Common bread mold
61. Penicillin is made from a member of this group
62. Gives flavor to Roguefort and Camembert cheeses
63. Puffball
64. Mushroom
65. Most of the fungus plant in this group is a mycelium
66. Morel
67. Basidium
68. Zygosphore
69. Rhizpous
70. Infects rye plants and produces LSD and the drug ergot
71. Alcoholic fermentation involves fungi from this group
MATCHING
a. lichen
b. mycorrhiza
c. mycelium
d. hypha
e. basidium
72. Contains sexual haploid spores.
73. A string-like group of fungal cells.
74. The plant body of a fungus.
75. Symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant root.
76. Symbiotic association between a fungus and a green alga.
(c) 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
M/C
1. a
2. d
3. a
4. e
5. e
6. b
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. c
Essay
11. Analyze DNA from the fungus in various parts of the range. If the DNA is identical
then there may be only one organism.
M/C
12. e
Essay
13. Measure the diameter of the fairy ring over a period of a few years and determine
the annual increase in diameter. Divide this number into the total diameter to estimate the
age of the ring in years.
M/C
14. e
15. e
16. a
17. b
18. e
19. c
20. b
21. e
22. a
23. e
24. e
25. c
T/F
26. False
27. False
28. False
F/B
29. e
30. a
31. c
32. b
M/C
33. d
34. a
35. e
36. b
37. a
38. a
39. d
40. e
41. d
42. e
43. b
44. d
45. e
46. c
47. d
48. a
49. c
50. a
51. b
52. e
53. e
54. d
55. c
56. a
57. c
58. a
F/B
59. a
60. a
61. d
62. d
63. c
64. c
65. e
66. b
67. c
68. a
69. a
70. b
71. b
72. e
73. d
74. c
75. b
76. a