Chapter 20, part of 21
Essay
1. Are viruses alive and deserving of the status of organisms or are they just
biologically active chemicals? Defend a position on this based on what you know about what
viruses are and how they work.
F/B
MATCHING
a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. prions
d. viroids
e. protists
2. influenza
3. mad cow disease
4. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
5. AIDS
6. potato spindle tuber disease
7. measles
8. amoebic dysentery
9. common cold
10. strep throat
11. malaria
12. identified by mainly shape and chemical stains
13. eukaryotic
14. includes the ancestors of the plant kingdom
M/C
15. Analysis of an animal's DNA indicates that part of one chromosome does not belong
to the animal. It is foreign DNA, not similar to any of the animal's normal genes. Where
did it most likely come from?
a. mycorrhizal infection
b. bacterial infection
c. arachaea infection
d. virus infection
e. fungus infection
16. Cervical cancer in humans produces cancerous cells with a bit of extra DNA attached
to their chromosomes. What is a likely original source of this extra DNA?
a. A virus causes this type of cancer. The DNA is from the virus.
b. A point mutation on the chromosome.
c. DNA replication prior to cell division causing chromosomes to change from
one chromatid chromosomes to two chromatid chromosomes.
d. The body's immune response in fighting the cancer.
e. Injury to the cervix during childbirth.
17. Which of these organisms produces no membranes and has no ribosomes or cytoplasm?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Thermoacidophiles
e. Plants
18. A virus basically consists of...
a. RNA or DNA and a membrane
b. RNA or DNA and a protein coat
c. proteins and cell membrane
d. RNA or DNA and enzymes
e. enzymes and a protein coat
19. These "organisms" are so simple they consist of nothing but a protein coat that
surrounds genetic material:
a. Bacteria
b. Prions
c. Viruses
d. Protists
e. Archebacteria
20. Short strands of RNA that invade the nuclei of plant cells and direct the synthesis
of new copies of themselves are:
a. Bacteria
b. Prions
c. Viruses
d. Viroids
e. Fungi
21. Which virus attacks nerve cells?
a. Rabies
b. Influenza
c. Herpes
d. HIV
e. Leukemia
22. Viroids are different than viruses in that they...
a. contain RNA
b. contain DNA
c. have a plasma membrane
d. lack a protein coat
e. attack plants
23. Prions are...
a. improperly-folded proteins
b. viral protein coats
c. transport proteins
d. viroids
e. sexually-transmitted bacteria
24. Prions are remarkable because...
a. they cause disease
b. they can be inherited
c. they are extremely small
d. they reproduce without genetic material
e. they are non-functional proteins
25. An organism that lacks most structures common in other organisms and must always
grow and reproduce as an intracellular parasite is a(n):
a. Prokaryote
b. Fungus
c. Virus
d. Protozoan
e. Alga
26. Which of these is not a cell?
a. Slime mold
b. Euglenoid
c. Virus
d. Ciliate
e. Sporzoan
27. If antibiotics seem effective against a human illness, then this illness is
probably caused by a(n):
a. virus
b. prion
c. protist
d. bacterium
e. autoimmune disease
28. Some chemoautotrophic archaea use CO2 and H2S (instead of CO2 and H2O) as an energy
and carbon source to make new carbohydrates. What is a likely metabolic waste product of
these bacteria?
a. sulfur dioxide
b. ethanol
c. acetic acid
d. carbon monoxide
e. oxygen gas
F/B
The following questions refer to cells seen under an optical microscope
a. Protista
b. Virus
c. Bacteria
d. Archaea
e. Two of these are possible
29. Cells occur singly, have a nucleus and other organelles including chloroplasts.
These cells move with flagella.
30. Cells occur singly and have no evidence of a nucleus.
31. DNA analysis of these very small cells indicates that they have very few genes in
common with the kingdoms Plantae and Anamalia.
32. DNA analysis of these very small cells indicates that they have some genes that are
unique and some that are similar to those of the kingdoms Plantae and Anamalia.
33. Cells occur singly, have a nucleus and other organelles but do not have
chloroplasts or flagella. Even so the cells seem to move by a kind of oozing or flowing of
the cytoplasm.
34. These single cells constantly change their shape. They appear to surround and
engulf organic matter into food vacuole.
35. This organism does not appear to be cellular. It consists of a mixture of protein
and RNA and can cause an immune response in humans.
M/C
36. Researchers have found some pathenogenic species of bacteria that have developed
resistance to antibodies. What can be done to slow the spread of this problem?
a. Reduce the antibiotics routinely included in animal feed
b. Avoid antibiotic treatment to patients that do not need them
c. Cause extinction of the viruses which cause disease by using antibiotics
every time a person is sick
d. a and b
e. All of the above
37. Which of these would NOT be found in a moneran?
a. DNA
b. Ribosome
c. Enzymes
d. Vesicles
e. Mitochondria
38. Bacteria can be classified in a general way by their forms. These three groups are:
a. Coccus, bacillus, spiral
b. Coccus, helix, spiral
c. Bacillus, spiral, helix
d. Spiral, cyanobacteria, helix
e. Coccus, helix, round
39. The bacterial cell wall contains...
a. cellulose
b. chitin
c. peptidoglycan
d. pectin
e. starch
40. Why is a capsule advantageous to a bacterium?
a. provides structural support
b. allows the bacterium to attach to surfaces
c. protects it from dessiccation
d. allows bacterium to "hide" from host's immune system
e. provides means of locomotion
41. Bacterial infections cause which of these diseases?
a. Pneumonia
b. Syphilis
c. Gonorrhea
d. Strep throat
e. All of these
42. Some diseases caused by bacteria are:
a. Botulism
b. AIDS
c. Pneumonia
d. a and c
e. All of the above
43. Anaerobic bacteria can obtain energy by glycolysis and fermentation when __________
is not available.
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. light
d. glucose
e. NADH
44. What are some ways that Archaea differ from other bacteria?
a. Different cell membrane lipids
b. Cell wall composition
c. Ribosomal RNA structure
d. a and b
e. All of the above
45. Peptidoglycan is found in the cell walls of:
a. Bacteria
b. Plants
c. Fungi
d. Viruses
e. All of these
46. A rod-shaped bacterium is called a:
a. Coccus
b. Prion
c. Paramecium
d. Phage
e. Bacillus
47. What is taxis?
a. Growth in a certain direction
b. Gravitational pull
c. Movement with respect to some stimulus
d. Asexual reproduction
e. A period of rest
48. Which bacterial feature would allow a bacterium to infect a host even after a long
period of dessiccation?
a. protein coat
b. pili
c. capsule
d. slime layer
e. endospore
49. Pili are used for:
a. reproduction
b. movement
c. attachment
d. b and c
e. all
50. The "plague" which killed 100 million people during the 14th century was caused by:
a. Rats
b. Fleas
c. Bacteria
d. Viruses
e. Fish
51. Most of the primary productivity of the Earth is based on photosynthesis, but some
bacteria that are primary producers can perform __________ and derive energy from inorganic
molecules and oxygen.
a. chemosynthesis
b. autosynthesis
c. DNA synthesis
d. neo-synthesis
e. glycolysis
52. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are mostly associated with:
a. All flowering plants
b. Ferns
c. Legumes
d. Grasses
e. Conifers
53. Which of the following plants contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
a. corn
b. soybeans
c. tomatoes
d. potatoes
e. oranges
54. Bacteria capable of causing disease are called:
a. Methanogens
b. Pathogens
c. Halophiles
d. Thermoacidophiles
e. Mutagens
55. What important role do bacteria play in ecosystems?
a. fission
b. predators
c. heterotrophs
d. decomposers
e. all
56. Why are oil spills sprayed with bacterial cultures?
a. to kill the bacteria
b. to make the oil easier to wash away
c. to eat the oil
d. to prevent the oil from sticking to wildlife
e. to detoxify the oil
57. In which of these situations would you find bacteria?
a. intestinal tract
b. polar ice caps
c. deep sea vents
d. mud puddle
e. all of these
58. Lyme disease, which can be cured with antibiotics in its early stages, is caused by
__________ which are transmitted to humans by ticks.
a. prions
b. viruses
c. bacteria
d. euglena
e. lice
59. Which of these is NOT caused by bacteria?
a. strep throat
b. tetanus
c. botulism
d. Lyme disease
e. rabies
60. Cyanobacteria are
a. chemosynthetic
b. photosynthetic
c. heterotrophic
d. eukayotic
e. unpigmented
61. Fossilized __________ organisms have been discovered in rocks that are 3.5 billion
years old. These fossils look very much like the living forms found today.
a. eukaryotic
b. reptilian
c. fungal
d. protozoan
e. prokaryotic
62. Antibiotics adversely affect:
a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. prions
d. protista
e. all of these
63. This type of algae is an important source of carrageenan, which is used to thicken
paints, cosmetics and ice cream.
a. Rhodophyta
b. Phaeophyta
c. Chlorophyta
d. Anthophyta
e. Chrysophyta
64. If you eat California rolls wrapped in seaweed, you are eating:
a. phodophyta
b. phaeophyta
c. chorophyta
d. blue-green algae
e. fungi
65. Which of the following groups is eukaryotic?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Prions
d. Cyanobacteria
e. Protists
66. Free-floating, photosynthetic, microscopic members of Kingdom Protista are:
a. Phytoplankton
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Salmonella
d. Sarcodines
e. Amebas
67. These photosynthetic, mostly marine protists were named for their common
characteristic: the presence of two flagella.
a. Dinoflagellates
b. Euglenophyta
c. Chrysophta
d. Fungi
e. Flagellaphyta
68. Phytoplankton are...
a. unicellular algae
b. photosynthetic protists
c. aquatic green plants
d. a and b
e. all of these
69. Which group is responsible for 70% of the photosynthesis on Earth?
a. blue-green bacteria
b. phytoplankton
c. ferns
d. conifers
e. flowering plants
70. The group of phytoplankton that lives in the tissues of corals and some clams are:
a. diatoms
b. plankton
c. Euglena
d. zooxanthellae
e. blue-green bacteria
71. When a "red tide" occurs, huge numbers of these microscopic organisms are filtered
out of coastal waters by oysters and clams. This sometimes causes the shellfish to become
toxic to people that eat them. What type of organisms make up the "red tide"?
a. Phyrrophyta
b. Euglenophyta
c. Chyrsophyta
d. Plasmodium
e. Glochidia
72. Which group would be gritty if you had a handful?
a. dinoflagellates
b. diatoms
c. Euglena
d. blue-green algae
e. zooplankton
73. Which group is the foundation of most marine food webs?
a. Euglenophyta
b. Blue-green algae
c. Diatoms
d. Rotifers
e. Zooplankton
74. Which group of freshwater protists is often photosynthetic, although they sometimes
develop without chloroplasts and are heterotrophic?
a. Pyrrophyta
b. Euglenophyta
c. Chrysophyta
d. Myxomycota
e. Sarcodinia
75. Which unicellular algae form "glassy" shells consisting of top and bottom halves
that fit together like pill boxes?
a. Euglenophyta
b. Pyrrophyta
c. Radiolaria
d. Myxomycota
e. Diatoms
76. A tropical coral reef can only survive in clear, well-lit waters because __________
live within the tissues of the coral and contribute to its nutrition.
a. dinoflagellates
b. euglenophyta
c. myxomycota
d. lichens
e. didinium
77. Marine algae are important producers since they are responsible for __________ of
the photosynthesis on Earth.
a. 30%
b. 50%
c. 70%
d. 90%
e. 99%
78. Which of the following is the parasite sporozoan that causes malaria if it infects
a human host? The sporozoan will develop in the liver and then infect red blood cells.
a. Pyrrophyta
b. Salmonella
c. Plasmodium
d. Giardia
e. Streptococcus
79. The white cliffs of Dover, England were formed over millions of years by
accumulation of calcium carbonate shells from __________.
a. sarcodines
b. euglenophyta
c. halophiles
d. methanogens
e. ciliophora
80. Amoebic dysentery is caused by a parasitic form of __________ common in warm
climates.
a. pyrrophyta
b. ciliate
c. halophile
d. zooflagellate
e. sarcodine
Essay
81. What is antibiotic resistance and what steps can be taken to prevent this from
happening?
M/C
82. One symbiotic form of protist lives within termites and allows the host to digest
cellulose. These protists always have at least one flagellum. These organisms are in which
group?
a. Archaebacteria
b. Sarcodine
c. Thermoacidaphiles
d. Zooflagellate
e. Ciliophora
83. Both Trypanosoms and Giardia are parasitic protists in this group:
a. Sarcodines
b. Prions
c. Zooflagellate
d. Chyrsophyta
e. Euglenaphyta
84. Which group is most similar to diatoms in its external covering?
a. sporozoans
b. heliozoa
c. zooflagellates
d. euglenaphyta
e. radiolarian
85. The most complex group of protists is the __________.
a. ciliates
b. sarcodines
c. dinoflagellates
d. sporozoans
e. zooflagellates
86. A parasitic zooflagellate which may be present in clear mountain water presents a major
health problem to backpackers and hikers if they drink the water. This organism causes
severe diarrhea, nausea, cramps, and vomiting. The organism responsible for this is:
a. Salmonella
b. Streptococcus
c. Giardia
d. Plasmodium
e. Beaver
87. The active feeding form of these organisms is a thin, multinucleate plasmodium. What
organism is it?
a. Myxomycota, plasmodial slime mold
b. Acrasiomycota, cellular slime mold
c. Chemosynthetic bacteria
d. Streptococcus pheumonia
e. Amoeba
88. Euglena's eyespots allows it to:
a. spot potential predators
b. see images in black and white only
c. photosynthesize
d. orient toward light
e. none of these; the eyespots are not functional
89. Which protozoan group consists of entirely parasitic forms?
a. Sporozoans
b. Sarcodines
c. Pyrrophyta
d. Cellular slime molds
e. Zooflagella
90. Plasmodial slime molds are described as acellular because they...
a. have no cell membrane surrounding their nuclei
b. have many nuclei
c. lack DNA
d. reproduce asexually
e. are heterotrophic
91. A pseudoplasmodium is...
a. an acellular slime mold
b. an aggregation of mycelia
c. a group of cellular slime mold cells
d. an extension of the slime mold that engulfs prey
e. a disease-causing protist
92. "Protozoa" literally means:
a. first life forms
b. first cells
c. first animals
d. first heterotrophs
e. first predators
93. Beavers are major carriers of Giardia, a __________.
a. sarcodine
b. euglenophyte
c. dinoflagellate
d. sporozoan
e. zooflagellate
F/B
Matching
a. Diatom
b. Slime mold
c. Amoeba
d. Malarial parasite
e. Paramecium
94. photosynthetic
95. ciliate
96. fungus-like protist
97. makes pseudopodia
98. life cycle involves mosquitoes
M/C
99. A photosynthetic protists with no cell wall and moves via a flagelum is:
a. Euglena
b. Plasmodium
c. Amoeba
d. Diatom
e. Syphilis
F/B
MATCHING
a. Virus
b. Viroid
c. Bacteria
d. Protista
e. Slime molds
100. Phytoplankton are these.
101. Causes AIDS.
102. The explosive growth of these cause "red tide."
103. Short strands of RNA that can cause plant disease.
104. Form a multinucleate cell called a plasmodium.
(c) 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Essay
1. They can exactly duplicate themselves and this may give them the status of "alive."
They are not cellular, cannot reproduce themselves without the help of a true cell, and
sometimes become part of the chromosomes of the host cell, in effect becoming part of the
host cell. These are reasons why viruses should not be considered alive.
F/B
2. a
3. c
4. c
5. a
6. d
7. b
8. e
9. a
10. b
11. e
12. b
13. e
14. e
M/C
15. d
16. a
17. a
18. b
19. c
20. d
21. a
22. d
23. a
24. d
25. c
26. c
27. d
28. a
F/B
29. a
30. e
31. c
32. d
33. a
34. a
35. b
M/C
36. d
37. e
38. a
39. c
40. d
41. e
42. d
43. b
44. e
45. a
46. e
47. c
48. e
49. e
50. c
51. a
52. c
53. b
54. b
55. d
56. c
57. e
58. c
59. e
60. b
61. e
62. b
63. a
64. b
65. e
66. a
67. a
68. d
69. b
70. d
71. a
72. b
73. c
74. b
75. e
76. a
77. c
78. c
79. a
80. e
Essay
81. No answer in TestBank
M/C
82. d
83. c
84. e
85. a
86. c
87. a
88. d
89. a
90. a
91. c
92. c
93. e
F/B
94. a
95. e
96. b
97. c
98. d
M/C
99. a
F/B
100. d
101. a
102. d
103. b
104. e