Chapter 1 (Audesirk; Tobin & Dushek)
M/C
1. Which of the following is/are characteristic of living organisms?
a. Organized structure
b. Responsiveness to stimuli
c. Maintenance of homeostasis
d. b and c are correct
e. a, b, and c are correct
2. Which of the following is true of ALL organisms?
a. They are made of many cells linked together.
b. They are highly organized.
c. They reproduce sexually.
d. They obtain nutrients.
e. All of these are true.
3. You drink a glass of lemonade, but your body's pH does not change. This is an example of
how organisms:
a. maintain homeostasis.
b. maintain organization.
c. adapt to their environment.
d. are immune to acid.
e. are what they eat.
4. Which of the following represents the lowest level of organization in the group?
a. Biosphere
b. Community
c. Population
d. Species
e. Ecosystem
5. What is metabolism?
a. The consumption of energy.
b. The release of energy.
c. The sum of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism.
d. The production of heat by chemical reactions.
e. The exchange of nutrients and waste products with the environment.
6. Which correctly indicates the sequence of increasing organization?
a. molecule, cell, organelle, organ
b. organelle, tissue, cell, organ
c. atom, molecule, organelle, cell
d. organ, tissue, cell, molecule
e. cell, organ, tissue, organ system
7. Humans born without sweat glands usually do not survive. Why not?
a. Sweating is an important mechanism for maintaining temperature homeostasis.
b. Sweat glands create openings in the skin where gas exchange occurs.
c. Sweating is an important way of ridding the body of excess water.
d. Sweating is important for purging impurities from the body.
e. Sweat builds up in the body which causes swelling and tissue damage.
8. An organism's ability to maintain internal stability when the external environment
changes is termed:
a. Natural selection
b. Mutation
c. Responsiveness
d. Metabolism
e. Homeostasis
9. Which of these is an organism?
a. oak tree
b. beetle
c. dog
d. bacterium
e. all of these
10. The sum total of the chemical activity at the cellular level which enables an organism
to meet its nutrient and energy demands is termed:
a. Evolution
b. Responsiveness
c. Metabolism
d. Growth
e. Energy
11. Using his antennae, the male moth finds female moths by following a trail of airborne
chemicals, called pheromones, upwind to the female producing them. This is an example of
how living things...
a. acquire nutrients
b. grow
c. reproduce
d. respond to stimuli
e. maintain homeostasis
12. A typical animal would be characterized by all of the following except
a. the presence of eukaryotic cells.
b. the ability to acquire nutrition through ingestion.
c. the ability to grow and reproduce.
d. the ability to maintain homeostasis.
e. all of the above.
13. Evolution is described as change from pre-existing life forms to modern-day organisms.
What actually changed?
a. Rate of reproduction
b. Ability of organisms to cope with external stimuli
c. Energy and nutrition demands of the organisms
d. Genetic makeup of the species
e. The species' physical appearance
14. Which of the following is/are important to the theory of evolution?
a. environmental change
b. variation in traits within a population
c. mutation
d. inheritance of traits
e. all of these
15. Which is NOT an example of evolution?
a. Development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
b. Flightless birds on islands without predators.
c. This year's flu is different from last year's flu.
d. A dog learns how to open the cabinet where its food is kept.
e. Most commercial pesticides are effective for 2-3 years.
16. Mutation is essential to...
a. an organism's survival.
b. evolution.
c. sexual reproduction.
d. growth.
e. gamete formation.
17. A mutation is
a. a physical deformity
b. a change in DNA sequence
c. a dose of radiation
d. a defective egg or sperm cell
e. the inability to speak
18. In a word, evolution means ______.
a. selection
b. improvement
c. mutation
d. change
e. nature
19. In evolutionary terms, which cell listed is considered to be most primitive?
a. Protistan
b. Prokaryotic
c. Autotrophic
d. Yeast
e. Eukaryotic
20. To which kingdom would a multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism belong?
a. Protista
b. Fungi
c. Plantae
d. Animalia
e. None of the above
21. The basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the
prokaryotic cell:
a. Possesses membrane-bound organelles
b. Lacks DNA
c. Lacks a nuclear envelope
d. Is usually considerably larger
e. Is structurally more complex
22. The Bacteria and Eukarya domains are distinguished by
a. members of Bacteria being single-celled and members of Eukarya being
multicellular.
b. Bacteria getting nutrients via absorption and eukarya by ingestion and
photosynthesis.
c. the fact that only Eukarya have the ability to grow and reproduce.
d. the absence or presence of organelles including a nucleus.
e. none of the above.
23. Which kingdom has eukaryotic members?
a. Kingdom Protista
b. Kingdom Fungi
c. Kingdom Plantae
d. Kingdom Animalia
e. All have some eukaryotic members.
24. Which kingdom possesses unicellular animal-like members as well as unicellular
plant-like members?
a. Kingdom Fungi
b. Kingdom Animalia
c. Kingdom Protista
d. Kingdom Plantae
e. All of the above
25. The experiments of Francesco Redi
a. disproved maggots and flies were related.
b. disproved the idea of spontaneous generation.
c. disproved the scientific method.
d. used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation.
e. used his experiments to determine that flies come from maggots.
26. Which of these would NOT be scientific?
a. Determine differences in species composition between two parks.
b. Immunize people with different vaccines to determine the effectiveness against
flu virus.
c. Send tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects development.
d. Use different tomatoes in spaghetti sauce to determine which produces the best
taste.
e. Use different advertising methods for a product to determine which produces the
best purchasing results.
27. The scientific method includes all of the following except
a. experimentation.
b. a testable theory.
c. an observation.
d. a hypothesis
e. conclusions.
28. We use the scientific method every day. Imagine your car doesn't start one morning
before school. Which of these is a reasonable HYPOTHESIS regarding the problem?
a. I'm going to be late.
b. I'm out of gas.
c. Check if your lights were left on.
d. Kick the tires.
e. Add a quart of oil.
29. A scientific theory
a. is a general explanation for a natural phenomena.
b. is an educated guess.
c. is less reliable than a hypothesis.
d. will never be changed.
e. none of the above.
30. A scientific explanation that is tentative and requires more investigation is termed
a/an:
a. Theory
b. Fact
c. Control
d. Hypothesis
e. Observation
31. A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on a large accumulation of
observations and is in accord with scientific principles is termed a/an:
a. Hypothesis
b. Theory
c. Fact
d. Control
e. Postulate
32. All the following are features of the scientific method except:
a. Hypothesis formulation
b. Observation and experimentation
c. Subjective data collection
d. Inductive and deductive reasoning
e. Forming conclusions
33. You are testing treatments for AIDS sufferers and find that 75% respond very well and
25% show no improvement or decline in health after your experimental treatment. You
should...
a. conclude you have proven the effectiveness of the drug.
b. conclude that only 75% of AIDS victims should be treated.
c. review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment.
d. discontinue experimentation because 25% of patients did not improve.
e. begin work on an entirely new drug.
34. Why do animals require "food" for survival?
a. Food is a source of energy.
b. Necessary chemicals are provided by food.
c. Food is a primary source of water for all animals.
d. a and b.
e. a, b, and c.
35. The concept of evolution is based upon
a. genetic variation within a population.
b. inheritance of variations by offspring of parents with the variations.
c. survival and reproductive success of organisms with favorable variations.
d. all genetic variation in a population is equally successful.
e. all of the above.
36. All of the following are examples of adaptations, except
a. mice learning a maze to get food.
b. larger teeth in beavers for gnawing wood.
c. different beak shape for birds that eat seeds vs. insects.
d. insects that resemble twigs.
e. flower coloration that attracts pollinators.
37. There are very few laws, but many theories in biology. Why?
a. It is a difference in terminology; they are actually the same thing.
b. A theory is supported by repeated tests and by extensive evidence, but can not
be proven; laws must be proven to be true.
c. Laws are true all the time, theories are true only most of the time.
d. Laws are hypotheses that have been proven; theories are hypotheses that haven't
been tested yet.
e. A theory is a tentative explanation, a law is an explanation that has been shown
to be true at least once.
38. One ml of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 20
pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable
"control" for this experiment?
a. 20 male mice injected with 1 ml of saline
b. 20 male mice injected with 1 ml of the drug
c. 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 ml of the drug
d. 20 non-pregnant mice injected with 1 ml of the drug
e. 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 ml of saline
Essay 39. In 2020, you are the top biologist at a research station studying
biodiversity in Costa Rica. A young scientist brings you a sample from a new, previously
unexplored collection site. She asks you to look at the sample and determine if it is
indeed a l iving organism. As you begin your investigations you must first decide what
characteristics define life from non-life. How would you characterize a living organism to
be able to differentiate it from something that is non-living? Consider some of the aspe
cts of life that you learned in your biology courses as an undergraduate.
40. List four characteristics of living things and give an example to illustrate each.
41. In your laboratory in a pharmaceutical company you have developed a new chemical drug
that you think will help alleviate the symptoms of the Xyzaplasia disease. The first series
of experiments to test the effectiveness of your drug will be performed w ith mice that
have the Xyzaplasia disease. Describe how you will set up an experiment to test for the
effectiveness of the drug that you have developed.
F/B 42. Organisms respond to both internal and external stimuli. Describe the
difference between these two types of stimuli and give an example of each.
43. Design a simple experiment based on the observation that people taking Drug X for
headaches also seem to have lower cholesterol. Include a hypothesis statement and your
actual experimental design for the study.
44. In terms of natural selection what does the phrase "survival of the fittest" mean?
45. Evolution is based on adaptations that aid in survival and reproduction of a species.
List three different adaptations.
46. The smallest unit of life is the __________.
47. The __________ molecule stores all the hereditary information of an organism.
48. A large group of similar, interbreeding organisms is defined as a __________.
49. A group of very similar, interbreeding organisms belong to the same __________.
50. Errors or changes in the DNA molecule "blueprint" are called __________.
51. Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus belong to the two domains __________ and
__________.
52. Cell containing a nucleus are __________ and cells without a nucleus are ___________.
53. All scientific study begins with observations and the formation of testable __________.
54. To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under
identical conditions and fed the same diet, but one of the groups also received daily
injections of vitamin D. The injections of vitamin D in this experiment are considere d the
__________.
Choose the characteristic of a living organism that best corresponds to the numbered
statement. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a. Growth b.
Reproduction c. Homeostasis d. Evolve e. Response to stimuli
55. A sunflower follows the sun as it move across the sky during the day.
56. A puppy is born weighing 5 lbs and grows to be a 75 lb golden retriever.
57. Humans sweat when the temperature gets hot so that they can cool themselves.
58. At the beginning of the week a plant is 3 inches tall, and at the end of the week it is
4 inches.
59. A paramecium will move from direct light.
60. A bacterium divides into two bacteria which are identical to, but smaller than, the
original bacterium.
61. Over time the neck length of the giraffe has increased as only those giraffes with
longer necks survived by eating the leaves high up on the trees and were able to reproduce
and pass those long neck genes on to the next generation.
T/F 62. Variation among organisms is due to adaptations.
63. Prokaryotic cells are distinguishable from eukaryotic cells by the presence of a
nucleus.
64. A good experiment should look at as many variables as possible.
65. The levels of organization of matter on Earth goes from smallest which are the
subatomic particles to the largest which is the Biosphere.
66. Photosynthetic bacteria are examples of autotrophs.
67. A hypothesis is much more general than a scientific theory.
68. Adaptations aid in the survival and reproduction of an organism in a particular
environment.
(c) 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
M/C 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. e 9. e 10. c 11. d 12. e 13. d 14. e 15. d
16. b 17. b 18. d
19. b 20. c 21. c 22. d 23. e 24. c 25. b 26. d 27. b 28. b 29. a 30. d 31. b 32. c 33. c
34. d 35. c 36. a 37. b 38. e
Essay 39. The student should be able to describe several of the characteristics of a
living organism in their answer. 40. No answer in TestBank 41. The student should use the
information presented during discussion of the scientific method to describe the
experimental design. Being first year students the design will be very simple, but should
include mention of an experimental and control group of mice in which the experimental mice
are given the drug and the control group is given a placebo under similar delivery methods
as the experimental group. Repetition and control of variables should also be mentioned.
F/B 42. Will vary with student 43. Students should include a controlled variable,
repetition and a hypothesis statement.
44. Those members of a species better adapted to a particular environment are better able
to survive to reproduce and pass their genes on to their offspring. Fitness is related to
reproductive fitness. 45. Variable 46. cell 47. DNA 48. species 49. species 50. mutations
51. Archaebacteria; Eubacteria 52. eukaryotes; prokaryotes 53. hypotheses
54. variable 55. e 56. a 57. c 58. a 59. e 60. b 61. d
T/F 62. False 63. False 64. False 65. True 66. True 67. False 68. True